cuatro Location and you can thermal features away from acutely very hot summer seasons (EHS)

cuatro.step 1 EHS through the 1951–1980

The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t _av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).

These types of strange thermal anomalies when you look at the west Russia was in fact considering an effective quasi-stationary anticyclonic stream (Bardin 2007). Previous research (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summer from 1972 is actually characterised from the confident phase of the Northern Atlantic Oscillation.

4.2 EHS during the 1981–1990

This new exceptional summer on the season safeguarded new central and eastern parts of Eu Russia (Fig. 2). The EHS try observed at the 7 stations, such as the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it absolutely was the sole such as june into the period) and Ekaterinburg. When you look at the Kirov and you can Perm, this is the greatest summer of your own period. The common sky heat along the town was more than the fresh long-title mediocre by the dos.5–step three.3 °C. The heat was greater than brand new enough time-identity mediocre in most around three summer-time, however, August are really the only excessively very hot times and only from the 1 / 2 of every programs (including the most widely used of the entire months inside the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you can Perm), while you are Summer and July did not meet up with the standard. There can be a considerable number of days with a kissbrides.com ViЕЎe o autoru max temperature more than 29 °C, particularly in the new south (20–twenty-five, normally nine–11). Merely on the southwest an element of the town, there are days with lowest temperatures exceeding 20 °C (Table 5).

Summer time from 1988 was incredibly sizzling hot and you may, such as 1981, heavens temperature defects protected main and eastern areas of European Russia, although the affected area is actually less involving merely four station (Fig. 2). When you look at the about three northern channels, this was the hottest, along with the truth from Kotlas, plus the simply EHS in the study months. The difference between the typical much time-name in addition to EHS climate varied from 2.step three to three.step one °C along side town. July turned out including very hot (at the particular channels the latest of the several months). Only inside the Ekaterinburg performed the brand new heat end lacking conference the newest criteria in virtually any of your days. There are more 10 weeks with an optimum temperatures a lot more than 29 °C after all the fresh stations, and in the south, the amount was almost 20 (compared to between three and you will half dozen an average of). Merely remote cases of weeks that have at least temperature significantly more than 20 °C was filed on south of the affected area (Dining table 5).